Branching statements - Simple if statement - If-else statement - Switch – case statement - Break, continue

Operator is a special symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical Operation. Java supports following lists of operators.

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Ternary or Conditional Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Given table shows all the Arithmetic operator supported by Java Language. Lets suppose variable A hold 8 and B hold 3.

Operator	Example (int A=8, B=3)	Result
+	A+B	11
-	A-B	5
*	A*B	24
/	A/B	2
%	A%4	0

Relational Operators

Which can be used to check the Condition, it always return true or false. Lets suppose variableA hold 8 and B hold 3.

Operators	Example (int A=8, B=3)	Result
<	A<B	False
<=	A<=10	True
>	A>B	True
>=	A<=B	False
==	A== B	False
!=	A!=(-4)	True

Logical Operator

Which can be used to combine more than one Condition?. Suppose you want to combined two conditions A<B and B>C, then you need to use Logical Operator like (A<B) && (B>C). Here &&is Logical Operator.

Operator	Example (int A=8, B=3, C=-10)	Result
&&	(A<B) && (B>C)	False
||	(B!=-C) || (A==B)	True
!	!(B<=-A)	True

Truth table of Logical Operator

C1	C2	C1 && C2	C1 || C2	!C1	!C2
T	T	T	T	F	F
T	F	F	T	F	T
F	T	F	T	T	F
F	F	F	F	T	T

The Bitwise Operators:

Java defines several bitwise operators, which can be applied to the integer types, long, int, short, char, and byte.

Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation. Assume if a = 60; and b = 13; now in binary format they will be as follows:

a = 0011 1100

b = 0000 1101

-----------------

a&b = 0000 1100

a|b = 0011 1101

a^b = 0011 0001

~a  = 1100 0011

The following table lists the bitwise operators:

Assume integer variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13 then:

Example -

The following simple example program demonstrates the bitwise operators. Copy and paste the following Java program in Test.java file and compile and run this program:

public class Test {

  public static void main(String args[]) {
     int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */  
     int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */
     int c = 0;

     c = a & b;       /* 12 = 0000 1100 */ 
     System.out.println("a & b = " + c );

     c = a | b;       /* 61 = 0011 1101 */
     System.out.println("a | b = " + c );

     c = a ^ b;       /* 49 = 0011 0001 */
     System.out.println("a ^ b = " + c );

     c = ~a;          /*-61 = 1100 0011 */
     System.out.println("~a = " + c );

     c = a << 2;     /* 240 = 1111 0000 */
     System.out.println("a << 2 = " + c );

     c = a >> 2;     /* 215 = 1111 */
     System.out.println("a >> 2  = " + c );

     c = a >>> 2;     /* 215 = 0000 1111 */
     System.out.println("a >>> 2 = " + c );
  }
} 

This would produce the following result:

a & b = 12
a | b = 61
a ^ b = 49
~a = -61
a << 2 = 240
a >> 15
a >>> 15

Assignment operators

Which can be used to assign a value to a variable. Lets suppose variable A hold 8 and B hold 3.

Operator	Example (int A=8, B=3)	Result
+=	A+=B or A=A+B	11
-=	A-=3 or A=A+3	5
*=	A*=7 or A=A*7	56
/=	A/=B or A=A/B	2
%=	A%=5 or A=A%5	3
=a=b	Value of b will be assigned to a

Ternary operator

If any operator is used on three operands or variable is known as ternary operator. It can be represented with " ?: "

If any operator is used on three operands or variable is known as Ternary Operator. It can be represented with ? : . It is also called as conditional operator

Advantage of Ternary Operator

Using Ternary Operator reduce the number of line codes and improve the performance of application.

Syntax

expression-1 ? expression-2 : expression-3

In the above symbol expression-1 is condition and expression-2 and expression-3 will be either value or variable or statement or any mathematical expression. If condition will be true expression-2 will be execute otherwise expression-3 will be executed.

Syntax

a<b ? printf("a is less") : printf("a is greater");

Flow Diagram

Find largest number among 3 numbers using ternary operator

Example

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int a, b, c, large;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any three number: ");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
large=a>b ? (a>c?a:c) : (b>c?b:c);
printf("Largest Number is: %d",large);
getch();
}

Output

Enter any three number: 5 7 2
Largest number is 7

Using break statement : When a break statement is encountered inside a loop, the loop is terminated and program control resumes at the next statement following the loop. Here is a simple example:

/**
 * This program demonstrates
 * break to exit a loop.
 */
public class BreakDemo
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
      {
         if (i == 5)
         {
            break;    // terminate loop if i is 5
         }

         System.out.print(i + " ");
      }

      System.out.println("Loop is over.");
   }
}

Output :

1 2 3 4 Loop is over.

Using continue statement : When a continue statement is encountered inside the body of a loop, remaining statements are skipped and loop proceeds with the next iteration. Here is a simple example.

/**
 * This program demonstrates continue
 * to skip remaining statements of iteration.
 */
public class ContinueDemo
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
      {
         if (i % 2 == 0)
         {
            continue;    // skip next statement if i is even
         }

         System.out.println(i + " ");
      }
   }
}

Output :

1 3 5 7 9